Grave robbers in China

[ArthurSousa]

The treasures in the mausoleum made the Jin soldiers red-eyed, so they began to rob and excavate on a larger scale. For small tombs, they used the method of uncovering the top, while for large tombs, they dug holes from the side slope of the mausoleum platform, pried open the top of the tomb and pulled down the rope. Each mausoleum has been repeatedly looted, and the mausoleum area is full of debris, dust, fireworks and chaos. When the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty heard the news, they sent Fang Tingshuo, an envoy to the north of the Huaihe River, to Gong County to pay homage to the mausoleum. He saw that all the eight tombs had been stolen and excavated by Jin soldiers. Song Zhezong's bones were dug up and scattered on the ground, which was very sad. When he returned to the court, he tearfully told Gaozong what he had seen. Emperor Gaozong ordered Zhai Xing and his son, Yue Fei and other generals to lead troops to Yongan to drive away the Jin soldiers, and sent a special person to repair the mausoleum. However, because Henan was an area occupied by the Jin, every war would bring revenge from the Jin soldiers. Therefore, Yongan and Gongxian became the battlefields of the seesaw battle between the Song and Jin. When the Song army retreated, the Jin soldiers came back and dug more fiercely. They also burned houses and cut down trees. As a result, the dense mausoleum of pine and cypress soon turned into a wasteland. In 1130, the Jin made Liu Yu, a surrendering official of the Song Dynasty, emperor of the Great Qi at Daming Prefecture. In 1132, the "Great Qi" puppet regime moved its capital to Kaifeng. After the Jin army withdrew,stainless steel hydraulic fitting, Liu Yu of the puppet Qi sent troops to Yongan to rob and dig the tomb, and they were more vicious and crazy than his master. One day in the second year of Shaoxing, Xijing Fengxian commanded Li Ying, a soldier, to auction a jade bowl stolen from the Song Mausoleum in Kaifeng, and was captured by Liu Yu's subordinates. When Liu Yu saw that it was not a civilian object, he tortured Li Ying. When Li Ying confessed that it was dug up from the Northern Song imperial tomb in Gong County, Liu Yu inquired in detail about the grave robbery of the Jin soldiers, and then he had the intention of robbing the grave. In order to plunder the treasures in the tombs, Liu Yu specially appointed Gu Jun as the officer in charge of excavating tombs near Bianjing,38 tube fitting, and Liu Congshan as the officer in charge of excavating tombs in Luoyang and Gongxian. Liu Congshan led a group of ferocious soldiers, straight to Gong County, Luoyang, and colluded with Doujiu, the puppet guard of Yongan County at that time, to take the tombs that had not been stolen by Jin soldiers as the main target, and to dig the tombs that had been stolen again, even the small tombs of the common people. For a time, there were soldiers robbing tombs everywhere inside and outside the mausoleum area of the Northern Song Dynasty in Gongxian County, and abandoned bones were everywhere. After the robbery, in order to eliminate the evidence of the crime, Dou set fire to all the buildings and gardens on the mausoleum. As a result of Liu Yu's destructive robbery and excavation, the monks and nuns who lived here, such as Bai Zihu, had no place to live, so they had to live in other places. From then on, there was no special person to manage the imperial mausoleums of the Northern Song Dynasty, pipe fittings manufacturer ,14 tube fitting, and the bandits rose one after another, and the grave robbers in the Xijing area also took advantage of the situation. According to the Anecdotes of the Song Dynasty, there was a group of grave robbers in Henan (Luoyang) at that time, and the leader was surnamed Zhu. When they stole the Yongchang Mausoleum of Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, they pried open the coffin and stole the treasures from the coffin. They saw a jade belt around Emperor Taizu's waist and wanted to take it down. Because Taizu's body was heavy and it was difficult to take the jade belt, Zhu tied Taizu's shoulder with a rope, then faced Taizu face to face, and then put the other end of the rope around his neck, raised his head to support the body and untied the jade belt. Unexpectedly, the rotten corpse was squeezed and sprayed black water from its mouth. As a result, it sprayed Zhu's face and could not be washed off. Later, this group of grave robbers were captured by the government to kill the head, but the wind of grave robbery has not been restrained, but intensified. Later, yuan soldiers also carried out looting, and in the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, dealers in cultural relics and antiques colluded with imperialists to buy and plunder unearthed cultural relics. As a result, Luoyang grave robbers colluded with local ruffians to set up tents and dig openly, causing the Northern Song Dynasty imperial mausoleum to be looted again. It was at this time that the famous Bao Cemetery was stolen. In 1931, He Mou of Gongyi stole and excavated the cemetery and carried the epitaph away. Lord Bao, with the great reputation of "Bao Qingtian", has not been spared from grave robbery! Bao Zheng's Tomb is located on the ridge of Houquangou Village, Yitian Town, 4 kilometers south of Gongyi City. There is Qinglong Mountain in the east, Miaoluoshui in the west, Songgao in the south, and Kou Zhun Tomb in the north. The tomb is within the area of Yongding Mausoleum, one kilometer southeast of Yongding Mausoleum, and half a kilometer south of Zhenzong Yang and Liu's imperial concubines. The tomb of Bao Zheng is located from north to south. The tomb is round, with a height of 5 meters and a circumference of 20 meters. In front of the tomb is a stone tablet erected during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, with a height of 2.67 meters and the Chinese characters "Song Prime Minister Xiao Su Bao Cemetery".
The inscription reads "Tombstone of Bao Wengong, Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty", which is mostly unrecognizable due to wind and rain. The distribution area of imperial mausoleums The imperial mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty is divided into four areas: After the Yongan Mausoleum of Zhao Hongyin was opened in the north of Junji Peak, the main peak of Taishi Mountain in Songshan Mountain, the Yongchang Mausoleum of Zhao Kuangyin was set up 400 meters northwest of the Yongan Mausoleum, and the Yongxi Mausoleums of Zhao Guangyi were set up more than 1000 meters northwest of the Yongchang Mausoleums, which was called the Xicun mausoleum area; Song Renzong's Yongzhao Mausoleum is located in the north of Caizhuang Mausoleum, and Song Yingzong's Yonghou Mausoleum is located 200 meters northwest of Yongzhao Mausoleum, which is called Xiaoyi Mauseland; At this point, the imperial mausoleum area had extended to the bank of the Luohe River, and the Yongyu Mausoleum of Song Shenzong had to "catch up" and open up a new mausoleum area 3 kilometers west of the Xicun Mausoleum Area. The Yongtai Mausoleum of Song Zhezong was located 600 meters northwest of the Yongyu Mausole Area, which is called the Eight Mausoleums Mausoleums Area. There are Yongan Mausoleum, Yongchang Mausoleum and Yongxi Mausoleum in Xicun District, where Song Xuanzu, Taizu and Taizong are buried, with 10 empress mausoleums and more than 140 tombs of descendants of the imperial clan. Yongan Mausoleum is the tomb of Zhao Kuangyin's father Xuanzu Zhao Hongyin and his mother Du. There are also the Mausoleum of Emperor Taizu He Hou, the Mausoleum of Emperor Wang Hou and the Mausoleums of Emperor Taizong Fu Hou. Yongchang Mausoleum is the tomb of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin. Yongxi Mausoleum is the tomb of Emperor Taizong Zhao Guangyi, with two empresses of Emperor Taizong Li and Emperor Zhenzong Guo. There is Yongding Mausoleum in Caizhuang Mausoleum area. In the south of Baling Village is the tomb of Emperor Zhenzong Zhao Heng, with the tombs of Empress Li, Empress Liu and Empress Yang of Emperor Zhenzong. There are also tombs of Gao Huaide, Cai Jing, Kou Zhun and Bao Zheng. There are Yongzhao Mausoleum and Yonghou Mausoleum in Xiaoyi Mausoleum area. Yongzhao Mausoleum is the tomb of Emperor Renzong Zhao Zhen, and Yonghou Mausoleum is the tomb of Emperor Yingzong Zhao Shu. The eight mausoleums include Yongyu Mausoleum and Yongtai Mausoleum. Yongyu Mausoleum is the tomb of Emperor Shenzong Zhao Xu, with four empress tombs, namely, Empress Xiang,ball valve manufacturer, Empress Zhu, Empress Chen and Empress Huizong. Yongtai Mausoleum is the tomb of Emperor Zhezong Zhao Xi, which is attached to the tomb of Empress Liu. chinaroke.com